Britain's Tudor Maps: County by County

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The Royal College of Physicians was founded in 1518 at the house of noted physician Thomas Linacre in Knightrider Street. It had the authority to regulate practitioners and even imprison unlicensed practitioners for up to twenty days. [103] Crime and law enforcement [ edit ] The beginning of the Evil May Day riot, as illustrated in Old and New London, Illustrated, by Walter Thornbury, in 1887. Like us today, the Tudors enjoyed eating different types of meat. But without fridges and freezers, they would preserve meat by rubbing salt on it.

Vol. 1. 1509–1514 and Index.- Vol. 2., pt. 1. 1515–1516.- Vol. 2., pt. 2. 1517–1518.- Vol. 3, pt. 1–2. 1519–1523.- Vol. 4. Introduction and Appendix, 1524–1530.- Vol. 4, pt. 1. 1524–1526.- Vol. 4, pt. 2. 1526–1528.- Vol. 4, pt. 3. 1529–1530, with a general index.- Vol. 5. 1531–1532.- Vol. 6. 1533.- Vol. 7. 1534.- Vol. 8. 1535, Jan.–July.- Vol. 9. 1535, Aug.–Dec.- Vol. 10. 1536, Jan.–July.- Vol. 11. 1536, July–Dec.- Vol. 12, pt. 1. 1537, Jan.–May.- Vol. 12, pt. 2. 1537, June–Dec.- Vol. 13, pt. 1. 1538, Jan.–July.- Vol. 13, pt. 2. 1538, Aug.–Dec.- Vol. 14, pt [i.e. pt.]. 1. 1539, Jan.–July.- Vol. 14, pt. 2. 1539, Aug.-Dec.- Vol. 15. 1540, Jan.–Aug.- Vol. 16. 1540, Sept.- 1541, Dec.- Vol. 17. 1542.- Vol. 18, pt. 1 1543, Jan.–July.- Vol. 18, pt. 2. 1543, Aug.–Dec.- Vol. 19, pt. 1. 1544, Jan.–July.- Vol. 19, pt. 2. 1544, Aug.–Dec.- Vol. 20, pt. 1. 1545, Jan.–July.- Vol. 20, pt. 2. 1545, Aug.–Dec.- Vol. 21, pt. 1. 1546, Jan.–Aug.- Vol. 21, pt. 2. 1546, Sept.-1547, Jan.- Addenda: Vol. 1, pt. 1. 1509–1537 and undated. Nos. 1–1293.- Addenda: Vol. 1, pt. 2. 1538–1547 and undated. Nos. 1294-end and index Elizabeth's final two decades saw mounting problems that were left for the Stuarts to solve after 1603. John Cramsie, in reviewing the recent scholarship in 2003, argues:Wyatt's rebellion in 1554 against Queen Mary I's determination to marry Philip of Spain and named after Thomas Wyatt, one of its leaders. [68]

The Tudor period in London started with the beginning of the reign of Henry VII in 1485 and ended in 1603 with the death of Elizabeth I. During this period, the population of the city grew enormously, from about 50,000 at the end of the 15th century [1] to an estimated 200,000 by 1603, over 13 times that of the next-largest city in England, Norwich. [2] The city also expanded to take up more physical space, further exceeding the bounds of its old medieval walls to reach as far west as St. Giles by the end of the period. [3] In 1598, the historian John Stow called it "the fairest, largest, richest and best inhabited city in the world". [4] Topography [ edit ] Wernham, Richard Bruce. Before the Armada: the growth of English foreign policy, 1485–1588 (1966); a standard history of foreign policy Historians agree that the great theme of Tudor history was the Reformation, the transformation of England from Catholicism to Protestantism. The main events, constitutional changes, and players at the national level have long been known, and the major controversies about them largely resolved. Historians until the late 20th century thought that the causes were a widespread dissatisfaction or even disgust with the evils, corruptions, failures, and contradictions of the established religion, setting up an undertone of anti-clericalism that indicated a rightness [ Maybe "ripeness" was intended.] for reform. A secondary influence was the intellectual impact of certain English reformers, such as the long-term impact of John Wycliffe (1328–1384) and his " Lollardy" reform movement, together with a stream of Reformation treatises and pamphlets from Martin Luther, John Calvin, and other reformers on the continent. The interpretation by Geoffrey Elton in 1960 is representative of the orthodox interpretation. He argued that: Paul E. J. Hammer, Elizabeth's wars: war, government and society in Tudor England, 1544–1604 (2003). Palliser, D. M. The Age of Elizabeth: England Under the Later Tudors, 1547–1603 (2nd edn, 2014); wide-ranging survey of social and economic historyE. W. Ives, "Henry VIII (1491–1547)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (2009). Retrieved 8 August 2017. Due to the large number of schools, Londoners were more likely to be literate than people in the rest of the country. About 75% of adult men and 25% of adult women were literate by the end of the period. [139] Culture [ edit ] Literature [ edit ]

The highest-status artists of the period were generally Europeans who have moved to London, such as the sculptor Pietro Torregiano, who was commissioned to create the effigies of Henry VII, Elizabeth of York, and Margaret Beaufort in Westminster Abbey; and Hans Holbein, who became court painter to Henry VIII and created many of the iconic portraits of the period. [157] See also [ edit ] Religious persecution occurred under every monarch in this period. Between 1485 and 1553, 102 heretics were burned at the stake around the country, many at Smithfield, the usual London location for burnings. [127] Wagner, John A. Historical Dictionary of the Elizabethan World: Britain, Ireland, Europe, and America (1999) [ ISBNmissing]The Tudor rose was created when Henry VII brought an end to the Wars of the Roses (an ongoing battle between two royal groups – the House of Lancaster and the House of York). He joined the White Rose of York with the Red Rose of Lancaster, creating the Union Rose (or Tudor Rose), which is still used as the floral emblem of England today! Almost all Londoners would have been able to play an instrument or sing, and many pubs would have had live music. In 1587, the satirist Stephen Gosson wrote that "London is so full of unprofitable pipers and fiddlers that a man can no sooner enter a tavern than two or three cast of them hang at his heels to give him a dance ere he depart." [148] Important composers who lived in London include Thomas Tallis, William Byrd and John Bull, all of whom were employed by Elizabeth I at the Chapel Royal despite being Catholics. [149] Tallis' Spem in Alium was performed at Nonsuch Palace by a massed chorus of eight choirs. [149] Sports and games [ edit ] Porter, Stephen (2011). Shakespeare's London: Everyday Life In London, 1580-1616. Stroud, Gloucestershire: Amberley. p.23. ISBN 978-1-84868-200-9. Following his father’s death, Henry VIII became King of England in 1509 and ruled until his death in 1547. Today one of England’s most famous historical figures, Henry VIII is well known for his six marriages – and for having two of his wives beheaded!

a b Porter, Stephen (2016). Everyday Life in Tudor London. Stroud, Gloucestershire: Amberley Publishing. p.9. ISBN 978-1-4456-4586-5. Description: A map of England and Wales during the Tudor Period, from the ascension of Henry Tudor (Henry VII) in 1485 at the end of the War of the Roses, to the death of Elizabeth I in 1603. The map shows major cities of the time, major river ways, topography, and political boundaries. Scale in English miles. Bucholz, Robert, and Newton Key. Early modern England 1485–1714: A narrative history (2009); University textbookSeveral high-profile nobles and even royalty were executed for treason in London in this period. Also, there were several large rebellions against Tudor monarchs which either took place in London or ended with the rebels being imprisoned or executed in London. This name is sometimes given as Tewdwr, the Welsh form of Theodore, but Modern Welsh Tudur, Old Welsh Tutir is originally not a variant but a different and completely unrelated name, etymologically identical with Gaulish Toutorix, [8] from Proto-Celtic *toutā "people, tribe" and *rīxs "king" (compare Modern Welsh tud "territory" and rhi "king" [9] respectively), corresponding to Germanic Theodoric. The descendants of an illegitimate child of English royalty would normally have no claim on the throne, although Gaunt and Swynford eventually married in 1396, when John Beaufort was 25. The church then retroactively declared the Beauforts legitimate by way of a papal bull the same year, confirmed by an Act of Parliament in 1397. A subsequent proclamation by John of Gaunt's son by his first wife Blanche of Lancaster, King Henry IV, also recognised the Beauforts' legitimacy but declared the line ineligible for the throne. In 1535, an officially sanctioned English Bible was published. In 1539, six copies of the Great Bible were placed in St. Paul's Cathedral where anyone could read them or read them aloud to others. [80] Churches were also physically reformed, with jewels, rood lofts and statues of saints being removed. Sometimes these were taken down by officials, but in other churches, such as St. Margaret Pattens, reformist mobs destroyed these objects. [81] Under Edward VI, Protestant reforms were made such as the abolition of chantry chapels and the removal of saints' images and stained glass. [26]